Responsible opioid prescribing
If indicated and a trial of therapy is considered, opioids should only be used in conjunction with a multimodal treatment plan with clear functional goals, regular reassessment and include a taper and cease strategy. 1-3
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Continue non‑opioid therapy
Non-opioid analgesia should be optimised and non‑pharmacological interventions continued.
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Agreement and communication with patient
Discuss the risks of opioids, set realistic functional goals and agree on prescribing terms.
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Regular assessment of harms and benefits
Set regular appointments to assess the 5As (analgesia, activity, adverse effects, affect, aberrant behaviour - addiction is possible even when opioids are taken as directed), dosage and whether referral to a Specialist is required.
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Exit plan
Discuss expectations of treatment duration and plan regular attempts to taper dose/cease opioid treatment.
REFERENCES: 1. Faculty of Pain Medicine, ANZCA. PS01(PM) Statement regarding the use of opioid analgesics in patients with chronic non-cancer pain [Internet]. 2020. Available at https://www.anzca.edu.au/safety-advocacy/standards-of-practice/policies,-statements,-and-guidelines [cited 6 July 2020]. 2. The Royal Australian College of General Practitioners. Prescribing drugs of dependence in general practice, Part C2: The role of opioids in pain management. East Melbourne, Vic: RACGP, 2017. 3. Schug SA et al; APM:SE Working Group of the Australian and New Zealand College of Anaesthetists and Faculty of Pain Medicine (2015), Acute Pain Management: Scientific Evidence (4th edition), ANZCA & FPM, Melbourne.